Definition

CA15-3 (carbohydrate antigen 15-3, ADMCKD, ADMCKD1, ADTKD2, CD227, Ca15-3, EMA, H23AG, KL-6, MAM6, MCD, MCKD, MCKD1, MUC-1, MUC-1/SEC, MUC-1/X/ZD, PEM, PEMT, PUM, MUC1) is a glycoprotein with a relative molecular mass of about 400KD, and its antigen determinants are composed of two parts, sugar and peptide, which are recognized by two antibodies, which are monoclonal antibody (DF-3) made from liver metastasis breast cancer cell membrane and mouse monoclonal antibody (115-D8) made from human milk fat globule membrane glycoprotein MAM-6, so it is named CA15-3. CA15-3 is present in a variety of adenocarcinoma, such as breast, lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancer, and CA15-3 is the preferred tumor marker for breast cancer.

Fig. 1 alphafold predicted structure of AF-P15941-F1(CA 15-3).

Function​

CA15-3 belongs to a glycoprotein in the body's cell tissue, mainly in breast tumor cells that are highly expressed, when breast tumor cells metastasize, can detect a high positive rate, serum CA15-3 level increase or decline parallel to breast cancer disease changes, is an important signal of recurrence and metastasis, and this signal is sent earlier than the emergence of clinical symptoms and detection of recurrence and metastasis with such as B-ultrasound, X-ray or CT.

Studies have shown that CA15-3 can indirectly reflect the effect of chemotherapy, CA15-3 can be reduced to normal or significantly decreased when chemotherapy is effective, while CA15-3 has no significant decrease in ineffective people, and can continue to rise, which may be tumor retraction after chemotherapy and tumor burden is significantly reduced.

 As the disease progresses, the wider the extent of metastasis, the more lesions, and the higher the serum CA15-3 content. CA15-3 has the effect of monitoring breast cancer metastasis, and if serum levels continue to rise, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or switching to endocrine therapy should be started or intensified. Therefore, in recent years, the role of tumor marker serum CA15-3 measurement in the monitoring and postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer has received increasing attention.

Clinical Application

Physiological Increase in Pregnancy

There was no statistically significant difference between serum CA153 concentrations in the first trimester and 3 months postpartum and between preconception and nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Serum CA153 in the third trimester (28 to 39 weeks) is significantly higher than in the second trimester (14 to 27 weeks) and first trimester (5 to 12 weeks). The serum concentration of CA153 in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is significantly increased, with the most significant increase in the third trimester, which may be related to the corresponding changes in the physiological structure of the pregnant woman's breast during pregnancy to meet the needs of breastfeeding after birth.

Benign Diseases

-- Cirrhosis: serum CA153 is significantly higher with cirrhosis, the incidence and level of serum CA153 elevation with cirrhosis ascites are significantly higher than without ascites, and the level of ascites CA153 with cirrhosis is significantly higher than in serum, and the ability to clear CA153 is reduced due to liver function damage in cirrhosis, which is a possible cause of elevated serum CA153.

-- Patients with nephrotic syndrome, nephritis, diabetic nephropathy and type 2 diabetes: CA153 levels may also be elevated. Studies have shown that serum CA153 levels of 12.09 ±1.87 U/mL with clinical stage I-II diabetic nephropathy are significantly lower than those with stages III-IV (14.01 ± 2.18 U/mL).

-- Coronary heart disease: Studies have reported that the expression level of CA153 in the serum of patients with coronary heart disease is directly proportional to the patient's HAMA and HAMD scores (that is, the degree of anxiety and depression).

-- Placental abruption: CA153 levels are closely related to the occurrence and development of placental abruption, CA153 levels are significantly elevated in women with placental abruption, and the more severe the placental abruption, the higher the CA153 level.

-- Blood diseases: CA153 levels are highly expressed in people with megaloblastic anemia (MA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and play an important role in the occurrence and development of the disease. Some scholars have pointed out that CA153 levels are closely related to peripheral hemolysis and the degree of bone marrow ineffective erythropoiesis, so CA153 may be increased in hemolytic anemia and severe low sea anemia.

Malignant Diseases

-- Breast malignancy: CA153 in the clinic, the main role is to prompt breast malignancy, studies have shown that breast cancer serum CA153 level is abnormally elevated, and its level is positively correlated with TNM stage, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis. It should be noted that although the positive rate of CA153 in breast cancer is significantly higher than that in healthy people, not all breast cancer people have significantly elevated CA153 levels, and about 30-50% of breast cancer people have significantly elevated CA153.

-- Gastric malignant tumors: Studies have shown that the serum CA153 level of 27.22 ± 3.16 U/mL in gastric cancer people is significantly higher than that of 14.09 ± 4.45 U/mL in the control group, which has important clinical value in the early gastric cancer.

-- Lymphoma: the serum CA153 level of lymphoma with bone marrow invasion is higher than that of lymphoma people without bone marrow invasion, and the serum CA153 level is closely related to the prognosis and prognosis of lymphoma people and can be used for prognosis assessment of lymphoma people.

-- Colorectal cancer: Studies have shown that the CA153 level in the colorectal cancer observation group is higher than that in the control group, and CA153 combined with CEA and CA724 has a higher clinical value in diagnosing colorectal cancer than CA153 alone.

Alpha Lifetech Inc. is dedicated to developing CA15-3 diagnostic regents. Alpha Lifetech Inc. is a reputable supplier focusing on research, manufacture and sales of In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) regents. All the IVD regents offered by Alpha Lifetech Inc. have undergone strict QC validation and are certified by the COA (certificate of analysis). Meanwhile, we can provide customized services according to customers' requirements. Alpha Lifetech Inc. is committed to supplying high-quality, high-sensitivity antigen and antibody products for scientific research and industrial customers. In addition to regular small packages, Alpha Lifetech Inc.'s large-scale fermentation platform also allows us to provide raw material-grade IVD regents for the majority of industrial clients.

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